Vahala california institute of technology, mail stop 12895, pasadena, california 91125, usa email. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities jorge bravoabad, alejandro rodriguez, peter bermel, steven g. Given the sheer diversity of materials, wavelengths, cavity configurations, and applications being investigated, the organised overview provided by dr. Flagand, and kerry vahalaa,2 adepartment of applied physics, mc 12895, california institute of technology, pasadena, ca 91125. Optical microcavities have attracted tremendous interest in both fundamental and applied research in the past few decades, thanks to their small footprint, easy integrability, and high quality factors. This means that the electron and hole pairs which make them up are separated to opposite sides of the thin layers in which they are formed. An optical microcavity or microresonator is a structure formed by reflecting faces on the two sides of a spacer layer or optical medium, or by wrapping a waveguide in a circular fashion to form a ring. Single nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities. Optical mode properties of 2d deformed microcavities. The universal importance of these structureshas made them indispensable to a wide range of fields. Department of physics, massachusetts institute of technology, cambridge, massachusetts 029 received 2 june 2003. Optical microcavities have a wide range of applications and are used for fundamental studies, such as strongcoupling cavity quantum electrodynamics, enhancement and suppression of spontaneous emission, novel light sources, and dynamic filters in optical communication vahala, 2003. The total losses in the cavity are often measured by the q value which is 2yc times the number of optical cycles required for the optical energy to fall to 1e of its initial value.
This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. We propose a novel approach in optical trapping exploiting mesoscopic photonic crystal microcavities. Ultralowthreshold raman laser using a spherical dielectric microcavity. Handbook of optical microcavities crc press book an optical cavity confines light within its structure and constitutes an integral part of a laser device. Apr 12, 2011 high sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu, a, b, 1, 2 hansuek lee, a, 1 tong chen, a steven herchak, b jihun kim, a scott e. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. The large circulating intensity within the cavity results in strong lightmatter interaction, giving rise to kerr parametric oscillations for comb generation. The editors have selected leading scientists who have made seminal contributions in different aspects of optical processes in microcavities. Ultrasensitive detection of changes of refractive index. Microtoroids, used throughout my thesis work, belong to the category of surfacetensioninduced microcavities that have proved to provide the highest quality factors to date. High affinity binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate to. Pdf ultrasmall mode volumes in dielectric optical microcavities. Sawdriven optical microcavities for device applications.
We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. Originally reliant on highpower lasers, recently comb generation has been demonstrated in ultrahigh q microcavities. Photonic molecules made of matched and mismatched microcavities. The dielectric microstructures act as ultrahigh q factors optical cavities, which modify the spontaneous emission rates and alter the spatial distributions of the input and output radiation. Abdelsalam school of chemistry, university of southampton, southampton so17 1bj, uk received january 15, 2004. Emission patterns of optical microcavities youtube. Dissipative kerr cavity solitons experience a socalled selffrequency shift sfs as a result of raman interactions. Highqualityfactor algaas optical microcavities for. Tunable resonant optical microcavities by selfassembled. Optical microcavities have been proposed as a powerful method to achieve labelfree detection of single molecules because the resonant recirculation of light within a microcavity allows the light to sample target molecules many more times 1821. Benson 2, phillip sewell2 1school of radiophysics, v. Chois excellent handbook of optical microcavities is particularly timely. Benson, senior member, ieee, phillip sewell, senior member, ieee, and alexander i. Nanoscale lasers with optical microcavities by junseok heo a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy electrical engineering in the university of michigan 2011 doctoral committee.
The wisconsin alumni research foundation warf is seeking commercial partners interested in developing a method for tuning the resonance frequencies of ultrahighquality factor toroidal optical microcavities. Symmetry, degeneracy and optical confinement of modes in coupled resonators 2 xp yp xl yl. The name microcavity stems from the fact that it is often only a few micrometers thick, the spacer layer. We observe significant modification of spectral and temporal properties of photoluminescence pl. Nonlinear photoniccrystal microresonators offer unique fun. Highquality factor optical microcavities using oxide apertured micropillars. They are studied in many fields, but are especially well known in optics on account of the relative ease of their formation and control in optical. Highcontrast alloptical bistable switching in photonic. Lowthreshold parametric oscillation in organically. Pl is emitted in spectrally narrow and wavelengthtunable.
Schematic of two closely located microcavities together with the. One of their most dramatic potential features is thresholdless lasing. Using total internal reflection from a dielectric interface or a photonic band gap in a periodic system, these photonic structures do not rely on conventional metalcoated mirrors to confine. Here, a perturbed lagrangian approach is used to derive simple analytical expressions for the sfs and the soliton. In this way and others, controlled spontaneous emission is expected to play a key role in a new generation of optical devices. A variety of luminescent organic compounds have been exploited along this. Coherent frequency generators are an enabling platform in basic science and applied technology. The frequency shift due to the sagnac effect occurs as a thresholdlike phenomenon for the angular velocity in a rotating microcavity. For example, in a simple optical waveguide sensor, the input light has only one opportunity to. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate the package technology for the microcavity coupling system to promote the development of the microcavity based practical. Overview a whispering gallery mode wgm is a type of electromagnetic wave that travels. Ganalgan microcavities for enhancement of non linear optical. The resonant quality is described by the cavity q factor that is defined as 2. Optical microcavities, which confine light to small volumes by resonant circulation in a dielectric medium, play an indispensable role in a wide range of applications and fundamental studies 20.
Quality factor q is a measure of optical loss in microcavities and determines the extent of temporal confinement of optical filed in these structures. Microcavities are wavelengthsized optical cavities that trap light at specific wavelengths. By building semiconductor microcavities across which we can apply a voltage, polaritons can be polarised. Liquid optical microcavities sustaining whispering gallery modes wgm have been first experimentally investigated in the 80s. Optical micro and nanocavities underpin many of the major developments in current photonic science and technology. Enhanced nonlinear optics in photoniccrystal microcavities. Nosich, fellow, ieee abstracttransformation of the whisperinggallery wg modes in imperfect twodimensional square. Highqualityfactor algaas optical microcavities for atomic cs and semiconductor quantum dot cavity qed experiments. May 21, 2001 the artificial resonances of dielectric optical microcavities can be used to enhance the detection sensitivity of evanescentwave optical fluorescence biosensors to the binding of a labeled analyte to a biospecific monolayer. Symmetry, degeneracy and optical confinement of modes in. Although microcavities are promising in a variety of novel devices, there is slow development in microcavity based practical devices due to the lack of the package technology. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Remote control of chemistry in optical cavities traditionally, the catalyst binds to its substrate to enhance chemical reactivity.
Labelfree, singlemolecule detection with optical microcavities. Osa theory and measurement of the soliton selffrequency. The rapid development of microfabrication and assembly of nanostructures has opened up many opportunities to miniaturize structures that confine light, producing unusual and extremely interesting optical properties. In recent decades, various fabrication techniques of microcavities with higher quality factors q and smaller mode volumes v m have been developed, pushing forward studies from fundamental. Highcontrast alloptical bistable switching in photonic crystal microcavities mehmet fatih yanik and shanhui fana ginzton laboratory, stanford university, stanford, california 94305 marin soljac. Microcavities are semiconductor, metal, or dielectric structures providing optical confinement in one, two or three dimensions. Optical microcavities have attracted strong research interests, for their unique property of confining photons for a long time in small volumes, which significantly enhances lightmatter interaction. Supplementary material of stokes solitons in optical microcavities qifan yang. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of.
They can, for example, modify the spatial distribution of radiation power, change the spectral width of the emitted light, and enhance or suppress the spontaneous emission rate. Despite of very small volume, wgm optical microcavities can store high energy due to the minimum reflection losses inside the cavity. Laser scanning cytometry was used to identify the labeled cells and study the mechanism of labeling. The former type is a standing wave cavity, and the latter is a traveling wave cavity. Full light confinement in mesoscopic photonic crystal membranes, forming a mesoscopic selfcollimating 1d fabryperot cavity, was theoretically predicted and experimentally verified by the authors in previous papers. Energy coupling through the small gap in optical microcavities. Here, we theoretically design an optical cavitybased quantum device that allows the photoexcitation of a remote catalyst in one cavity to in. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Microcavities can be made nearly lossless by using high rcflectivity mirrors as well as controlling the material losses and the scattering from optical imperfections. Since 20 he has also served as the executive officer of the department of applied physics and materials science at caltech vahala studies the physics and applications of photonic devices called optical. Nonlinear optics in ultrahighq whisperinggallery optical. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of applications and studies. They are the basis of numerous applied and fundamental studies, such as cavity qed, photonics and sensing. Optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation.
The proposed system exploits the high second order nonlinear optical response of gan due to the non centrosymmetric crystalline structure of this material. Also, new science results from radiationpressure coupling of optical and mechanical degreesoffreedom in the resonators themselves. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical microcavities tao lu a,b,1,2, hansuek leea,1, tong chena, steven herchakb, jihun kima, scott e. For the measured photoluminescence pl spectrum fig. Aug 14, 2003 optical microcavities confine light to small volumes by resonant recirculation. Microcrystallites are promising minute mirrorless laser sources. Whisperinggallery modes wgms in optical microcavities can signi. Whispering gallery modes are observed in the photoluminescence spectra from the rolledup nanomembranes, and their spectral peak positions shift significantly when measurements. The frequency shift has been observed in several microcavity systems. Wade 1, roy meade 3, ofer teharzahav 4, zvi sternberg 4, vladimir stojanovi. Watson laboratory of applied physics, california institute of technology, pasadena, california 91125, usa. We have measured quality factors as high as 4000 for cavity resonances at 1.
Integration of quasitwodimensional 2d films of metalchalcogenides in optical microcavities permits new photonic applications of these materials. Vahala is the ted and ginger jenkins professor of information science and technology and professor of applied physics at the california institute of technology caltech. These structures enable one to control the optical emission properties of materials placed inside them. Schwefel 4 1 department of engineering science and physics, college of staten island, cuny, staten island, new york 10314, usa. Karazin kharkov national university, kharkov 61077, ukraine 2g. This book addresses the large variety of optical phenomena taking place in confined solid state structures. Introduction to tubular microcavities miniaturization and integration are hot research topics in modern optics and related. Rolledup optical microcavities with subwavelength wall.
Because it was suspected that the traces of unconjugated f. Subtle difference in optical absorption between d 2 o and h 2 o is magnified due to light circulation in cavity. Polaritons are a mixture of photons and semiconductor excitons that display different properties from either the. Multimodal optical microcavities for loss avoidance jeffrey m. Multimodal optical microcavities for loss avoidance. Like a tuning fork for light, optical resonators have a characteristic set of frequencies at which it is possible to confine light waves.
Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as silica microspheres, exhibit the highest qfactor to date of. Lasing, stimulated raman scattering, coherent antistokes raman scattering and coherent raman mixing were studied for droplets in air. High sensitivity nanoparticle detection using optical. At the end of the 20th century, microcavities have attracted attention due to the discovery of a strong excitonlight coupling regime allowing for the formation of superposition lightmatter quasiparticles. Devices based on optical microcavities are already indispensable for a wide range of appl. Here we present tunable microcavities with monolayer mos2 or few monolayer gase films. Optical microcavities are structures that enable confinement of lightto microscale volumes. Optical microcavities in condensed matter systems sciencedirect. Physics and device applications of optical microcavities. Jul 27, 2015 this video briefly summarizes my work during the 2015 optics in the city of light reu program in paris.
Pdf highquality factor optical microcavities using. This can make extremely fast electricallycontrolled optical amplifiers as well as spin switches. Optical microcavities confine light at resonant frequencies for extended periods of time and fundamentally alter the interaction of light with matter. The raman process has also been shown numerically to influence the soliton pumping efficiency. Here, two schemes are presented to implement two universal quantum controlled gates, that is, the two. Giant optical nonlinearities from rydberg excitons in. In this paper, we discuss the prospect of coupling a single optical mode of a photonic crystal microcavity to the singleexciton 1x level of a semiconductor quantum dot. This confinement allows photons trapped in the microcavity to strongly interact with matter, creating new quasiparticles called polaritons. We present a study on the design, growth and optical characterization of a ganalgan microcavity for the enhancement of second order non linear effects. Optical processes in microcavities a new generation of optical microresonators is making possible the exploration of quantum electrodynamic phenomena in condensed matter systems and providing microlasers with a wide range of potential applications. Of all resonant geometries, surface tensioninduced microcavities, such as. Evidence for intrinsic kerr bistability of highq microsphere. Optical modes in 2d imperfect square and triangular. This work was completed with the support and funding.
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