A brief introduction to some of the main themes in second. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. As a widespread, highly complex, uniquely human, cognitive. The term interlanguage was coined in the 1970s by larry selinker to describe his notion that an additional language learners knowledge of the l2 was a dynamic linguistic system which could be studied in its own right. Presentation mode open print download current view. Request permission export citation add to favorites track citation. Theories of second language acquisition second language.
The field of sla research has mostly dealt with the problem of the indefinite final state by implicitly accepting that the object that l2 learning is tending towards is identical to that of first language acquisition, that is to say, adult native speaker competence. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon pit corders previous work on the nature of language learners errors. Nonparametric statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. The second language acquisition research series presents and explores issues bearing directly on theory construction andor research methods in the study of second language acquisition. Krashen on how to teach english the best methods are therefore those that supply comprehensible input. After the 1980s the sla research agenda focused on a documenting the route followed by learners in a range of structures and languages although english remains by far the most studied l2, and increasingly b explaining this route which, if. Second language acquisition university of massachusetts. The lifefocused foreign language acquisition scale was used to assess the level of english language acquisition of students. Fossilization in second language acquisition, but with second language teachers, program directors, and others who hold a frontrow seat to second language instruction in mind. First published 2009 by hodder education published 20 by routledge 2 park square, milton park, abingdon, oxon. Krashen which has major implications for the teaching of writing in the first language.
Fossilization in adult second language acquisition. The native speaker bias to second language acquisition research. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate of graduate students. In the same perspective, white 5 says that if it turns out that the. Gass and larry selinker, is a readerfriendly textbook with the goal of giving an overview of its small but dynamic field. Theories of second language acquisition free download as powerpoint presentation. The cambridge handbook of second language acquisition. One important issue in sla acquisition research is to establish how l2 learners acquire certain linguistic features. Links to reallife resources related to the research discussed in understanding second language acquisition, second edition suggested further reading pdf 96 kb annotated further reading recommendations for every chapter of the book. Corders and selinker s work became the foundation of modern research into second language. Rosette bambino finneran nassau community college references han, zh. The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has undergone significant changes over the past few decades. Understanding second language acquisition teaching. Secondlanguage acquisition was born in the late 1960s as an interdisciplinary enterprise that borrowed equally from the feeder fields of linguistics, language teaching, child language acquisition, and psychology. From research to practice donna moss, national center for esl literacy education lauren rossfeldman, georgetown university second language acquisition sla is the study of how second languages are learned and the factors that influence the process. Thus began an explosion of research into understanding how language and the internal grammar in second language learners evolved. In fact, it is hard to state a beginning date, but it is probably fair to say that the study of sla has expanded and developed. Unlike first language l1 acquisition, second language acquisition sla is often marked by an interlanguage il.
Mohammad hamad alkhresheh assistant professor of applied linguistics faculty of arts isra university abstract the role of first language l1. Susan m gass and larry selinker eds language transfer. Michael long examines second and third language acquisition, paying particul ar attention to how learning a second language improves a persons ability to learn additional languages. This knowledge base will be based on researchgrounded theories of second language acquisition. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate or graduate students. The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. This book, which includes 12 chapters by distinguished researchers in the field of second language acquisition, traces the conceptual history of language transfer from its early. The object of second language acquisition vivian cook. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition.
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the interlanguage il hypothesis should be extended from 1adult second. An understanding of second language acquisition can improve the ability of mainstream teachers to serve the culturally and linguistically diverse students in their classrooms. The cambridge handbook of second language acquisition, edited by julia herschensohn and martha youngscholten further titles planned for the series the cambridge handbook of biolinguistics, edited by cedric boeckx and kleanthes k. Interlanguage viewed language development as a combination of several factors including nature of input, environment, internal processing of the learner, and influence between l1 and l2. This book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students from a wide variety of disciplines. Studies of fossilization in second language acquisition. Larry selinker commenca ses etudes a brandeis university, waltham.
Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4. Communication strategies in secondlanguage acquisition. The study of language transfer in second language acquisition has had an. Second language acquisition sla is a relatively young field. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has. Second language acquisition acquisition learning 4. Theory of second language acquisition the first area we will discuss will be the central focus of this volume, second language acquisition theory. Similar sequences of acquisition have been found for a wide range of structures in a range of languages see e. Second language acquisition research and applied linguistics. Larry selinker is professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of michigan, and former director of the universitys english language institute. As developed today, second language acquisition theory can be viewed as a part of theoretical linguistics, i. The errors in the use of l2 result mainly from l1, and the difference between l1 and the l2 is the reason for the occurrence of errors.
Understanding second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. The ug theory considers that the input from the environment is insuffi cient to account for language acquisition. While significant professional development is necessary to gain a full understanding of second language acquisition theory, some key stages, theories and. This book is a thorough revision of the highly successful text first published in 1994. The new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Approaching the language of the second language learner eric. Center for advanced research on language acquisition university of minnesota, minneapolis revised version july 1996 1 a revised version of a paper originally prepared for presentation at the symposium on strategies of language learning and use, seville, spain, december 16, 1994. Stephen krashen language acquisition does not require extensive use of conscious grammatical rules, and does not require tedious drill. Strategies used may include paraphrasing, substitution, coining new words, switching to the first language, and asking for. Second language acquisition and second language learning.
Second language acquisition research series routledge. The claims were represented in the literature of second language in a seminal article by corder 1967. Selinker, larry this work is a revised edition of the text first published in 1994. Second language acquisition research and applied linguistics abstract the purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of second language acquisition sla research over the past several decades, and to highlight the ways in which it has retained its original applied and linguistic. While significant professional development is necessary to gain a full understanding of second language acquisition theory, some key.
Language transfer in language learning escholarship. An introductory course topics in applied psycholinguistics 3 by gass, susan m. An introductory course slaic is a welcome addition to the growing number of introductory texts on second language acquisition. The role of consciousness and the selective fossilization hypothesis jiyung jung teachers college, columbia university learning a second language l2 is a complex and variable process. Topics include an overview of the study of sla, interlanguage.
Language transfer in language learning edited by susan m. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition. In the course of learning a second language, learners will frequently encounter communication problems caused by a lack of linguistic resources. In the name of allah key terms in second language acquisition masoud dolatshahi m. Communication strategies are strategies that learners use to overcome these problems in order to convey their intended meaning. It will be most often used by students of second language acquisition sla in m. The term used most frequently today to describe this transitional language, interlanguage, was created by selinker in 1972.
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